Gender Roles in Sitcoms - 1543 Words

Gender roles in Sitcoms â€Å"Gender is the crucial factor in characterization in the majority of sitcoms. Up until the impact of feminism in the 1970s, in the UK at least, it is clear that most of the successful sitcoms featured leading male characters (Hancock, Steptoe, Dad’s Army, Till Death Do Us Part, Porridge etc.). Women were more likely to feature in ‘ensemble casts’ – The Rag Trade, Are You Being Served? This was also a function of the employment opportunities for women. Since the 1970s, women in leading roles have been more common (but the most successful comedies have tended to be based on couples rather than single women).† (Roy Stafford, TV Sitcoms and Gender, ONLINE) Based on television analysis it is very simple to notice what†¦show more content†¦She then adds to this family of five when she and Maxwell have fraternal twins. Other characters include sardonic butler Niles (Daniel Davis), and Maxwells socialite business partner C.C. Babcock (Lauren Lane), who views Fran with jealousy and skepticism.† (Wikipedia, The Nanny, ONLINE) †The Nanny† † is no longer the type of sitcom where the wife stays at home and just her husband goes to work. Compared with †Bewitched†, this sitcom is more modern and more different in what concerns the gender roles. Fran Fine is no longer just a home-loving wife who does everything to support her husband, but she exposes her point of view and most often she dose so as everyone to do as she wants to. She has a stronger character and is more independent comparing with Samantha. Cougar Town (2009) †Jules Cobb – a recently divorced single mother exploring the truths about dating and aging. Jules spent most of her 20s and 30s married to Bobby and raising a son, Travis. She tried to relive her 20s and make up for lost time by dating younger men, but has since come to terms with the limitations of her age and has had relationships with men her age. She resides in a small town in Florida and is a real estate agent who is successful in business. Because she has been out of the dating world for a while, Jules discovers itShow MoreRelatedSexuality and Gender Roles in Tv Sitcoms1655 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality and Gender Roles in T.V Sitcoms Society places a lot of blame on daily interactions and public views through what people observe and learn from television sitcoms and movies. Parents believe that children are now being confused about their sexuality just from watching television shows and movies. People believe that what they view in today’s popular television sitcoms and movies are ways to act in every day society. Most sitcoms and movies however, are just enabling sexuality and gender conflictionsRead MoreTv Sitcom : The Big Bang Theory1516 Words   |  7 PagesTV sitcom: The Big Bang Theory The popular hit show; The Big Bang Theory has been one of the most successful sitcoms today. The show is going strong and is currently in its ninth season. The Big Bang Theory revolves around the lives of four friends, Sheldon, Leonard, Howard, and Raj whom are all scientists and their neighbor, a hot blonde named Penny. Sheldon, Leonard, Howard, and Raj all fits the mold of geeks in which, that all of the guys are super intelligent, are obsessed with comic booksRead MoreEssay on Television Today Versus the 1950s1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmany people today watch family sitcoms to imitate or compare values with their own? Probably not as many as there were in the 1950s. In Stephanie Coontzs What We Really Miss about the 1950s, she discusses why people feel more nostalgic towards growing up in the 1950s, and how she disagrees that 1950s wasnt the decade that we really should like or remember best. Apart from economic stability, family values played an important part then. Through t elevision sitcoms, such as Leave it to Beaver,Read MoreThe Evolution And Portrayals Of Family Sitcoms Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution and Portrayals of Family Sitcoms Family sitcoms have been the most popular and positively influenced television shows watched since the 1900s to today. Many of these shows have consisted of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic families who all play a role that we as watchers look up to or perceive as the right way to run our household. Over time there has been an addition to biracial shows and family role changes throughout these sitcoms. For example, now observing single parentRead MoreThe Impact Of Television On Television1402 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-traditional roles, which further socializes sex-role stereotypes. Examining television shows in the three categories: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) children shows, situation comedies (sitcoms), and cartoons, validated that these traditional and non-traditional roles are still present in television today and that they are found across different categories of television. After scoring the traditional and non-traditional orientations and behaviors of shows fr om all three categories, sitcoms incorporatedRead MoreHow I Met Your Mother Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentative example I have chosen is an episode of How I met your Mother. The episode is called Bracket (Season 3 episode 14) and the episode was first aired on CBS. 2. My representative example is centered on a character name Barney Stinson in the sitcom. In this episode he is trying to track down a woman who is stalking him and preventing him from his â€Å"sexual conquests† by warning other women about him. In the course of this episode, the writers have created a setting in which many women of Barney’sRead MoreGender Portrayal Of The American Tv Sitcom Friends1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: This investigation involves the analysis of how gender†¯is†¯portrayed†¯in the American TV sitcom Friends. Friends received acclaim to become record breaking, as one of the most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the outstanding Comedy series award in 2002. Many stated that the series appealed to them as it was hilarious and touching. The demographic of this sitcom is young people, including adults who are single, relatingRead MoreThe Representation of Male and Female Characters in Two Comedies1518 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters are represented and whether the way they are represented challenges the stereotypes associated with gender differences. The two situation comedies I have chosen are ‘Friends’ and ‘Man About The House’. As Friends was made decades after Man About The House it gives us a good insight into how male and female representations and attitudes towards the roles of males and females has changed over the last 30 years. Man about the house was produced during a time of Read MoreThe Effects Of Gender, Race, And Class1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe effects of Gender, Race, and Class as shown in Tv shows This section of this paper, I will use three TV show to highlight the issues of Gender inequality in America, and how this affects us not only economically but, also the political side of Gender Inequality. In addition, I will explain the unchallenged culture of male dominance in a leadership position while excluding women who are work twice as hard working as their male counterpart. The word race is a big issue, but I will explain how itRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles Of The Present Digital And Technological Sensitive World Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional gender roles in the present digital and technological sensitive world still hold even today as depicted on the screen; women are shown as the homemakers and men as the providers. In reference to the sitcom Still Standing, it depicted that the greatest addition to the major gender roles expectation is that the men view wives as their partners in the walk of life and marriage, as well as the women, view their husbands as partners unlike the traditional view of roles. According to a pilot

Sigmund Freud Essay - 1264 Words

Sigmund Freud is known to be one of the most prominent scholars on research and thoughts regarding human nature. Freud is acknowledged for establishing out of the box theories with dominant concepts that are backed up by good evidence. Freud’s arguments are quite convincing, but very controversial. When thoughts get controversial, a loss of strength for an argument occurs. Freud feels that religion is a psychological anguish and suffering. (Webster, 2003) For Freud, religion attempts to influence individuals psychologically in order to enhance wish fulfillment, infantile sexuality, Oedipal Complex, and dominating humanity all over the world. (Webster, 2003) Sigmund Freud referred himself as a scientist, his main work surrounded psychology.†¦show more content†¦(Freud, 1917) I completely disagree with what Freud is saying, just because our ancestors believed in religion and it was passed down, we are in a day and age where we are all very open. More and more atheist i s present and religion is not imposed on individuals. Freud claims that theories need to be supported with proof to be valid and religion cannot do that. I disagree even though prophets and God has not written themselves; the scriptures are in fact overlapping in material about incidences and events that had occurred. For instance, in Christianity the Gospels within the bible there are three synoptic Gospels that every much touch upon the same incidences, they were all written at different times. If these scriptures were not accurate then why are there so many overlaps amongst them. Freud states that religion pressures and suppresses people. (Freud, 1917) I think that religion is a personal choice if you believe in a religion that’s good and if you do not that’s good to. It is an individual’s choice to make and no one can affect that decision. Religious ideas have the strongest influence and impact on humanity till today, stated Freud. (Freud, 1917) Humans are v ery intelligent creatures, if religion has such a strong hold on us, there has to be some truth behind it. Freud believes that religious ideas, teaching, and experiences are allShow MoreRelated Sigmund Freud1435 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Scholmo Freud was born on May 6, 1865 in Freiburg, Moravia. Freud was orginally born Jewish but changed over to Atheism, later his Jewish past would come back to â€Å"haunt† him. An interesting (yet disturbing) fact is that Freuds mother, who was also his fathers second wife, was only a few years older than his two stepbrothers. Many people believe that this was a cause to why Freud to believe that the psychological issues are related back to sexual issues in childhood, since he had an psychologicalRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud629 Words   |  3 PagesSigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Although, for the most part, his theories are not as accepted as he originally intended, his fundamental ideas are used often in terms of neo-Freudian theory. He constructed the idea of the unconscious, as well as the id, ego, and superego. Now, it is quite understandable, on a superficial level at least, why sex was the main topic which Freuds theory revolved. The time was one of sexual suppression, even to the degree of coveringRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay2676 Words   |  11 PagesSigmund Freud SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) His theories and treatments were to change forever our conception of the human condition. Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia, a part of the Austrian empire at that time, on May 6, 1856. Today it is a part of Czechoslovakia. He was raised in the traditions and beliefs of the Jewish religion. Freud considered a career in law but found legal affairs dull, and so, though he later admitted to no particular predilection for the career ofRead MoreDreams, By Sigmund Freud1165 Words   |  5 Pagesevents during sleep. Everyone dreams, however, not everyone remembers their dreams. The psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, theorized that dreams bury themselves in unconscious emotions and as we sleep our mind releases these emotions in the form of dreams. He also theorized that dreams are ways in which people act out suppressed desires. The Interpretation of Dreams, published in 1899, by Sigmund Freud, symbolically opened the twentieth century and appears as one of the most influential books of the centuryRead MoreSigmund Freud Ideology2321 Words   |  10 PagesSigmund Freud explored many new concepts in the human mind during his lifetime. He was the scholar who discovered an immense new realm of the mind, the unconscious. He was the philosopher who identified childhood experience, not racial destiny or family fate, as the vessel of character, and he is the therapist who invented a specific form of treatment for mentally ill people, psychoanalysis. This advanced the revolutionary notion that actual diagnosable diseases can be cured by a technology thatRead More Sigmund Freud Essay658 Words   |  3 Pages Sigmund Freud was born may 6, 1856. He was the first of six children he also had two older half brothers from his fathers previous marriage. This was his father’s second marriage and in this one he was much older than his wife was about twenty years older than he was. When Sigmund was just 4 years old his family moved to Vienna, it was a tough childhood for Sigmund growing up in a large Jewish family with not to much income it was a struggle for everyone in the family. He was nicknamed the goldenRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was an interesting man with many opinions and ideas, ranging from Religion, to philosophy, to medicine, all the way to science. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Maravia, but grew up in Vienna. He started out by studying medicine, then later, in 1885, traveled to Paris, where Charcot encouraged him to study hysteria from a pschological point of view. Then later, in 1895, making his first publishing, Uber Hysterie. Freud was the man who came up withRead MoreSigmund Freud Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmund Freud is a well known name in the world of social science. Freud is responsible for revolutionary concepts such as the defense mechanisms and the iceberg metaphor outlining the human psyche. The knowledge of Freud’s concepts such as these have allowed me to gain a more thorough understanding of the complexity of my psyche and the causes of my behaviours in my everyday life. Freud’s theories aid me in explaining my actions in various situations in my social life and groups, my personal thoughtsRead MorePsychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud2808 Words   |  11 Pagesby Austrian born psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud. This approach to psychotherapy has evolved ever since the 1800s when it was first developed and this will be very clear in the following essay in that different theories and components of the approach will be discussed and they will also be used to analyse Wendy and come to decisions about how she is presenting in therapy based on these components of psychoanalysis approach. Psychoanalysis as an approach founded by Freud focuses on what is called the unconsciousRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud1234 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud was a remarkable social scientist that changed psychology through out the world. He was the first major social scientist to propose a unified theory to understand and explain human behavior. No theory that has followed has been more complete, more complex, or more controversial. Some psychologists treat Freuds writings as a sacred text - if Freud said it, it must be true. On the other hand, many have accused Freud of being unscientific, suggesting theories that are too complicated

PRINCE2 and PMBOK Comparison

Question: Discuss about the PRINCE2 and PMBOK Comparison. Answer: The report is about the risk management that needs to be done before the beginning of any new project. The report is done taking into account the Superconducting Super collider project. The research is done taking into account the projects similarities and differences with its European counterpart, the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is done to locate the exact reason for the failure of the American project and the reason behind The European Projects success(George, 2013). From what we can see, the report has made it very clear that both the projects depended on untested technology and were the first of their kinds. While the Superconducting Super collider experiment did not involve any risk analysis before beginning the project, it ended in a failure. However, the Large Hadron Collider was a complete work that included a thorough risk analysis. The report brings to light the fact that the Large Hadron Collider was behind the scheduled time and thus incorporated an EVMS to track the projects cost, schedule and performance(Wysocki, 2014). Although it was not successful in performing what it was meant to do, the team immediately executed their call on contingency process to secure the factors. However, the outcome of the SSC could have been different if it had incorporated a similar risk management strategy. Now, I have found out that the American project was not without a risk analysis plan. It is quite evident from my readings that the project did undergo a risk analysis as it was untested technology that they were using. But from what I have found out, it can be seen that they did not have a backup plan(A guide to the project management body of knowledge, 2013). The moment they were running behind schedule, they put into use some immediate planning which was designed to fail. This is because; those plans were not part of a previous risk analysis plan. The risk analysis plan for the Large Hadron Collider, on the other hand, involved a step by step risk anal ysis procedure that involved a hierarchical process. Under such a planning, the team members of the project were always equipped with a measure in case something went wrong(Wysocki, R. K., 2014). The Semiconducting super collider project, on the other hand, did not possess any such step by step process which made them unclear with what to do in case something went wrong. Thus, they made immediate plans which were not always in accordance with the problems that really arose at those points. As a result, the experiment faced such a failure. The report is about the utilization of different standards based on their utility. The report takes into account the two standards, PRINCE2 and the PEMBOK which are the standards used in the UK and the USA respectively(CTE Solutions Inc., 2014). The two standards have for long been utilized to create a framework for the organizations that are new and need some sort of instruction manual on how should one proceed. As the report rightly points out, the PEMBOK is an effective standard but it is limited to only the US owing to its certain limitations(Sunohara, 2011). However, the PEMBOK caters to the large client base even out of the UK. As a result, the report states that the PEMBOK is an effective solution for organizations that aim at growing not only their business but also their client base and goodwill among the customers. Although PRINCE2 is easy to follow and can be used for upcoming industries who need an easy methodology for their various functions, the report does point out th e fact that the contemporary society is a complex sphere that comprises of a diverse mix and eventually, all organizations need to shift to the PEMBOK standard. From what I know, the PRINCE2 is an easy method that follows the regular processes. That is to say, the PRINCE2 is a system that measures the degree of safety and health associated with the process of manufacturing and delivering them to the clients (PRINCE2 methodology, 2014). However, it does not take into account if the purpose of the product or service is fulfilled. As a result, I can say that the method is an easy one to follow in the case of setting up something. But the PEMBOK standard is something far more precise (PMBOX vs PRINCE2 vs Agile project management, 2011). This is because, from what I can understand, PEMBOK follows a strict utility and quality standard that is not easy to follow. As a result, as soon as a company begins to gain a large market, it should implement this standard to gain better access and dev elop a brand value. References Clements, J. (2012). Project Risk Management. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64SYPlMTz9U Project Management Institute. (2013a). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide) (5th ed.). Newtown Square, PA: Author [Vital Source e-reader]. Chapter 11, Project Risk Management Wysocki, R. K. (2014). Effective project management: Traditional, agile, extreme (7th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley [Vital Source e-reader]. Chapter 3, What Are the Project Management Process Groups Module 4 Discussion Topic #2 use this refrence for topic 2 Required Resources CIO Staff. (2011, 29 September). PMBOX vs PRINCE2 vs Agile project management. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com.au/article/******/pmbok_vs_prince2_vs_agile_project_management/ ILX Group. (2014a). PRINCE2 methodology. George, (2013).The Large Hadron Collider. Retrieved from oxinabox.ucc.asn.au/files/Uni/assignments/GENG5505/Report.pdf Wysocki, R. K. (2014).Effective project management: Traditional, agile, extreme(7th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley CTE Solutions Inc. (2014).PRINCE2 PMBOK Comparison Demystified. Retrieved fromhttps://www.slideshare.net/CTESolutions/prince2-pmbok-comparison-demystified-29846454 Sunohara, D. (2011).PRINCE2 vs PMBOK: Comparing apples and oranges.Retrieved fromhttps://www.deltapartners.ca/blog/prince2-vs-pmbok-comparing-apples-and-oranges

Psychology Human Development Essay Example For Students

Psychology: Human Development Essay The field of psychology may have grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologists mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology . Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life. In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages were. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice. Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology. Freud believed that human development was fueled by inner forces. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the same kind of sexual needs that an adult would experience. Children experienced sexual gratification in different ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual gratification for small children. Freud also specified certain areas of our body as erogenous zones. Those areas included the mouth and genitals. This all fit in to Freuds obsession with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative period in history. Sexual feelings were often repressed. Freuds theory on human development could be labeled the psychosexual stages of development. Freud believed human beings passed through different stages in their life based on which part of their body gave them sexual gratification. Freuds psychosexual stages of development are five in total. The Oral stage takes place from birth to about one year. During this stage, a child is orally oriented. The mouth is the childs erogenous zone. Everything a child touches is put in his mouth. Freud believes children do this because it gives them pleasure. When a child sucks his thumb, it does so because it gives it gives him gratification. According to Freud, the gratification is sexual. The second stage in Freuds psychosexual development theory takes place between the ages of two and three years of age. The erogenous zone shifts location, thus moving from one stage to another. The second erogenous zone in Freuds stages of human development is the anal region. Freud believes children experience sexual gratification during bowel movements and when they withhold bowel movements. Some children may even experience pleasure handling, looking at, or thinking about their own feces. Once the Anal stage of development has been completed, the next stage of development for Freud is the Phallic Stage. This usually occurs at about three years of age. The shift in erogenous zones moves from the anal region to the genital organs. This stage is also known as the Oedipal Stage of psychosexual development. This name comes from the legendary king, Oedipus, who killed his father and married his mother. During this stage children take interest in their sexual organs. Soon they notice differences and similarities between themselves and their parents. Each sex wants to be with the parent of the other sex, for girls this is referred to as the elektra complex. Once the children realize they can not be with their mother or father, they identify with the parent of the same sex. The next stage is called the stage of Latency. .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .postImageUrl , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:hover , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:visited , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:active { border:0!important; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:active , .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3 .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45da36306f5b3d971be46d96be395ca3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Piracy Essay This stage is characterized by a lack of change or absence of erogenous zones. After the realization that the child can not be with a parent sexually, the child shifts its attention to same-sexed relationships. Boys will shift their sexual urges and drives to something acceptable, such as sports. This is a time of relative calm. The last stage of Freuds psychosexual development is the Genital Stage. The erogenous zone returns in a very powerful way in the genital organs. This stage takes place from puberty into adulthood. This stage is marked by true sexual desire and sexual relationships. Erikson took Freuds ideas and enhanced them. He added stages for the adult .

Hypocrisy In Islam Essays - Kafir, Iman, Jesus In Islam,

Hypocrisy In Islam My subject today is about Hypocrisy. This topic is of extreme importance in our daily lives, as it reflects our behavior, our manners, our faith in Allah, and His teachings. The word Hypocrisy is defined in Webster's dictionaries as: an act or a practice of feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; especially, the false assumption of goodness. Therefore, a hypocrite is a false pretender and dissembler to virtue or piety. In the Islamic terminology, the word Hypocrisy is a substitute for 'Nifaq'. This word Nifaq has been mentioned in the Qur'an thirty-one (31) times in different forms such as: Nifaq; Munafiqoon; Munafiqat; Munafiqeen, and Nifaqan. Dear Muslims: There are some faults prevalent in society that a person may acquire, nurture and establish within himself which affect his personal behavior. The fault of hypocrisy is one of them. Allah hates those people who acquire this fault, and He therefore warns them that their punishment is indeed hell. Allah says in Sura At-Tauba: God hath promised the hypocrites, men and women, and the rejecters of Faith, the fire of Hell; therein shall they dwell; sufficient is it for them: for them is the curse of God, and an enduring punishment. (9:68) Allah has promised the hypocrites a heavy penalty by saying in Sura Nisa: To the hypocrites give the glad tidings that there is for them but a grievous penalty. Yea, to those who take the unbelievers as their leaders rather than the believers (4:138-139) Dear Muslims: One may ask why a person should act as a hypocrite? Or why he should be a hypocrite? The answer could be any of the following: 1. A person who has no faith in Allah, His Messenger, and the Day of Judgment may act as a hypocrite. 2. A person who has a weak faith may be trapped in his daily life to play the role of a hypocrite. 3. A person who lacks confidence in himself/herself may become a hypocrite. 4. A person who lacks security, morally, psychologically, or financially, may be led to be a hypocrite. 5. A person who is conceited, selfish, and who likes himself above all others, may play the game of hypocrisy so as to achieve his personal gains and to satisfy his ego. 6. A person who is not a man unto himself, and whatever he does is seeking assurance of success and gain. Hence, he plays the dirty game of hypocrite. A person who seeks to please everybody even if it demands his cheating, lying or stealing. Allah says in this regard in Sura Al-Munafiqun: When the hypocrites come to thee, they say, 'We bear witness that thou art indeed the Apostle of God.' Yea, God knoweth that thou art indeed His Apostle, and God beareth witness that the hypocrites are indeed liars. (63:1) Dear Muslims: These situations, factors and prerequisites may lead a person to be a hypocrite. The only way to cure this disease from people is that they should have faith in Allah, in His Messenger, Muhammad (pbuh), in the Day of Judgment and in the teachings of Islam. Even if he/she has a weak faith, he should try his/her best to strengthen it, and to enrich it daily. Therefore, it is a matter of having faith (Iman) or having no faith. Nifaq, hence is noticed and observed in those societies, in those families, and those individuals who, either have no faith, or who are weak in their faith. Dear Muslims: The signs of a hypocrite are many among which are the following three signs: 1. He lies whenever he talks. 2. He does not fulfill his commitment. 3. He betrays the trust that he takes. In this regard Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: The signs of a hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he gives an agreement, he does not fulfill his commitment; and when he is entrusted, he betrays the trust. (Reported by Abu Hurayrah - Agreed.) For this reason Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) informed us that a hypocrite is a mischievous person. He said: You will find that the worst person is double-faced; he meets one group of people with one side of his face, while another with the other side. (Reported by Abu Hurayra - Agreed.) Dear Muslims: Since this vice is most hated by Allah and His Messenger,

The Quest for Universal Plot Types

The Quest for Universal Plot Types The Quest for Universal Plot Types The Quest for Universal Plot Types By Michael For centuries, writers and critics have tried to put stories into basic categories. Novelist Kurt Vonnegut described eight of them: Man in Hole, Boy Meets Girl, From Bad to Worse, Which Way is Up?, Creation Story, Old Testament, New Testament, and Cinderella. He argued that stories have beautiful shapes which can be drawn on graph paper or fed into computers, rising and falling emotionally over time on a horizontal B-E axis (Beginning/End) and a vertical G-I axis (Good Fortune/Ill Fortune). Vonnegut explained his theory many times and you can watch his explanations online, both the short version and the long version. Six Basic Story Shapes Inspired by Vonneguts ideas, researchers at the the University of Vermonts Computational Story Laboratory and others used various tools, including one they call the Hedonometer. Based on what Vonnegut called emotional arc, this online tool compares each part of a story by tracking what kind of words dominate it: either words such as awful punishment poor blame afraid cried hate or else happy father garden faith home great laugh. Graphing the shapes of 1,327 books from Project Gutenberg, they found six basic plots. Rags to Riches (rise): A poor boy owns nothing but a cat, but it eventually makes him a rich man and Lord Mayor of London (Dick Whittington). SV1 or Mode 1, core emotional arc 1 Examples: The Importance of Being Earnest, The Jungle Book, The Call of the Wild, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Tragedy, or Riches to Rags (fall): The kings advisor hopes to gain power by having his rival executed, but his conspiracy fails and he himself is executed by the king (Haman). -SV1 or Mode 1 negative, core emotional arc 2 Examples: The Picture of Dorian Gray, Beowulf, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Heart of Darkness, The Time Machine, Pygmalion Man in a Hole (fall then rise): Targeted by more powerful gangsters, members of an organized crime family are shot, assassinated, and exiled, but in the end, they make an offer that the other gangsters cant refuse (The Godfather). SV2, core emotional arc 3 Examples: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Through the Looking-Glass, The Prince and the Pauper, The Secret Garden Icarus (rise then fall): An inventor makes wings of wax and feathers and learns to fly with them, but his son rises too close to the sun and then falls. -SV2, core emotional arc 4 Examples: A Christmas Carol, Paradise Lost, Three Men in a Boat, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, The Pilgrim’s Progress (though some of those have happy endings) Cinderella (rise then fall then rise): A poor girl meets the prince at a ball, but she loses her slipper when fleeing at the stroke of midnight. Back home, serving her wicked stepmother again, a royal messenger asks her to try on the lost slipper, and when it fits, the prince marries her. SV3, core emotional arc 5 Examples: Treasure Island, King Solomon’s Mines, Love and Freindship (Jane Austen), The Merchant of Venice Oedipus (fall then rise then fall): An infant prince is found by shepherds on a mountainside, becomes a king, but ends his life as a blind wanderer. (I wont give away the whole story of Oedipus its complex). -SV3, core emotional arc 6 Examples: Frankenstein, A Study in Scarlet (Sherlock Holmes), The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Agatha Christie), The War of the Worlds, The Turn of the Screw, The Red Badge of Courage Lessons from Story Research Arcs have curves, not jagged lines. Events, circumstances, and cardboard people can change quickly, but real people change gradually. If a character changes suddenly and inexplicably, it isnt believable and it isnt satisfying. When a character is rescued by outside forces, we want him or her to be ready for it, if not to deserve it. We dont want it to happen too quickly or too lightly. We all have problems, so we relate to characters with problems like our own. Even ancient Greeks criticized the overuse of the deus ex machina effect, where just when we are dying to know how they are going to solve their problems, a god is lowered onto the stage with a crane to solve them all for them. The most successful plots may not be the most likable. Professor Ganna Pogrebna from the University of Birmingham determined that the most profitable films, such as The Godfather, have the man in a hole shape. But the most profitable films are not necessarily the most liked (most people dont like bloody murders), but rather the most discussed (as Michael Corleones family rises out a professional hole, he falls into a moral hole). More arcs may be more interesting. The Computational Story Laboratory researchers examined the number of downloads of each book to see which type of story was most popular. The winners included Icarus, â€Å"Cinderella,† and â€Å"Oedipus,† but one of the most downloaded types didnt even have a name: two sequential Man in a hole arcs (SV 4). Thats fall rise fall rise, a pattern that fits fewer books but more popular ones, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Peter Pan, and Jane Austens Northanger Abbey. But successful books can be more complex than that: Jane Austens Persuasion has the shape of rise fall rise fall rise fall rise (SV7), as does Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. And when I look at Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn on the Hedonometer, I see rise fall rise fall rise fall rise fall rise. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «, I see rise fall rise fall rise fall rise fall rise fall rise. It never rains all the time. Its called an emotional arc for a reason: sometimes its up, sometimes its down. The emotional tone gets pretty low near the end of Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, when Faustus is dragged off to Hell. (I suspect the Hedonometers rise at the end is a false positive.) Yet the play includes comic scenes. Critics used to think they couldnt have been written by Marlowe, but now they think otherwise. Marlowe knew that no audience can stand unabated gloom. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidWhenever vs. When EverPeople vs. Persons

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

History - Essay Example They loathed anything that was even remotely communist in nature. This feeling was partly fuelled by the innate anti-communist spirit as well as the effect of the vendetta by the politicians. This was a part of the wider policy of containment followed by the United States of America (Addington, 2000). The war ended with the takeover of Saigon by the North Vietnamese in the year 1975 and the cessation of war which was a byproduct of the Case-Church agreement. Military intervention by the Americans was a strategy that was followed with great effect in the Korean War. However, the defeat in the Vietnam put a serious mark on the policy of containment that concentrated on the military intervention as a deterrent (Daum & Gardner, 2003). The war showed a lot of inadequacy on the part of the Special Forces in the country. Even the American marines also failed severely in the war. It put into doubt and criticism on the American military’s policy of attrition. This policy came under hea vy fire as that led to a lot of casualties on the war front. This particular war showcased the vulnerability of the American forces towards guerilla warfare. The Vietnam War caused a widespread imbalance on the industrial front. The factories that would be used for the production of domestic goods were used for the production of military goods. The funds were mainly overseas, that caused the incidence of a weak dollar (Isserman & Bowman, 2003).

Eliezer's Struggle to Keep his Faith in God Essay

Eliezer's Struggle to Keep his Faith in God - Essay Example Elie lost a mother and a small sister during the holocaust that aimed at slaughtering the Jews. Elie confronts the worst in humanity and the worst in him (Bloom, 39). Despite this dilapidating and worse environment, Elie keeps faith in God, though in sceptical on the delay to safeguard His people. It is vital to notice that, Wiesel perception about God changes when nothing happens to rescue people from the hands of the Germans. Wiesel remains sceptical on how God handles situations (Bloom, 38). This change in mind however does not change Elsie’s belief in God’s existence. It is noticeable that, Wiesel believes that, God’s power should be manifested in hard situations especially those facing the Jews. It is imperative to note that, Elie loses faith in God during the de-humanization process that was instituted by the Nazis, but continues to believe that, God exists. This context vividly explains Wiesel’s mind and understanding about God. Wiesel believes that , God is supernatural and no one can kill the dreams about God (Bloom, 34). It is however, paradoxical to realize that, the Nazis murder Elie’s vision about God. Elie laments, â€Å"Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live† it is flamboyant that the tone of anger and indelible grief in this passage reveals. Elie’s deep passionate feelings and believe about God was cleared off by the Nazi in a profound disillusionment (Bloom, 34). Wiesel believes that, the fear of God should be extended and manifested in human beings (Bloom, 56). This concept is vividly revealed in the love and passionate feelings expressed by Elie towards his ailing and weak father. Wiesel believes that God does the same to humankind. Elie is seen not thinking of abandoning his father, but of how to keep from losing him. This is exactly what God does to humanity (Bloom, 34). W iesel believes that, God does not abandon people but sticks with them. This context brings in a paradox, in that many people died and t question that disturbs Wiesel emerges, â€Å"Where is God?† After a dramatic execution of a resistance fighter at the camp, in which the young boy is strangled on the gallows because he is too light to break his neck, Elie’s disillusionment is markedly angrier and bitterer (Bloom, 39). Elie’s indulgence and perception about God tends to change after this incident. It is noteworthy, that Elie doubts God’s presence and undertaking. This is evident by the voice of man asking Elie from the background â€Å"where is God?† This depicts the change of mind and passion in God’s faith (Bloom, 40). Despite what Elie witnesses, a staunch element of trust takes centre stage, particularly, when a background voice answers the question on the presence of God. â€Å"He is here; He is hanging here on this gallows† (Blo om, 36). The happening of these events is attributable to Wiesel’s change in faith about God (Bloom, 39). It is imperative to note that, before the holocaust, Wiesel believed that, God is the sole protector and retaliator of the Jewish people. Wiesel believed that, whatever had happened before was according to God‘s great plans on the Jewish people (Bloom, 41). Wiesel accepted God’s will without further questioning. More over, when things got

Analysing Amazon Website From The Usability Point Of View Dissertation

Analysing Amazon Website From The Usability Point Of View - Dissertation Example Literature Review 3. Research Methodology and Design 3.1 Tools Employed in Evidence Gathering 3.2 Questionnaires 3.3 Interviews 3.4 Observations 4. Implementation 4.1 Visual Appeal of Amazon 4.2 Homepage of Amazon.com 4.3 Log-in Screen 4.4 Shipping to Multiple Addresses 4.5 Learn Availability of Products 4.6 Product Search and Satisfaction 4.7 Reliability and Uptime 4.8 Product Pages 4.9 Integration with International Websites 4.9.1 Co-Branding with Multiple Retailers 4.9.2 The Help Centre 4.9.3 Usability Support for People with Disabilities 5. Evaluation 5.1 The Suggested Solutions 5.2 Limitations of Suggested Solutions 5.3 Works Comparison 6. Conclusion 6.1 Thesis Overview 6.2 Future Works References Appendices 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Overview As the internet has evolved and more industries saw the potential money that could be earned from this platform, shopping and retail companies were not as well left out. An industry that allows internet users to sit in the comfort of thei r own home and use their personal computers to buy goods was created. Throughout the years, there have been various challenges and opportunities that have confronted this industry that ultimately led to the demise of most of them. One company has stood the test of time throughout the various technological and market changes that have confronted e-commerce. That company is amazon.com. From a modest start as an online retailer, it is now a market leader in online retailing. In this project, attention is being paid to the in-depth analysis of amazon.com as an online retail giant, with the primary focus being on the usability of the website from the perspective of the user. This is achieved by analysing existing literature on amazon.com and the conducting of surveys on sample users of the...Limiting factors that affect the usability of amazon.com will be discussed and recommendations made according to the opinions generated from cross-section of the website’s users. As the intern et has evolved and more industries saw the potential money that could be earned from this platform, shopping and retail companies were not as well left out. An industry that allows internet users to sit in the comfort of their own home and use their personal computers to buy goods was created. Throughout the years, there have been various challenges and opportunities that have confronted this industry that ultimately led to the demise of most of them. One company has stood the test of time throughout the various technological and market changes that have confronted e-commerce. That company is amazon.com. From a modest start as an online retailer, it is now a market leader in online retailing. In this project, attention is being paid to the in-depth analysis of amazon.com as an online retail giant, with the primary focus being on the usability of the website from the perspective of the user. This is achieved by analysing existing literature on amazon.com and the conducting of surveys on sample users of the website. Upon these conclusions will be drawn the site’s usability, the challenges that face it and recommendations made on the way forward.

Chemical Bonding Essay

Chemical Bonding Essay Anna Fyodorova All elements are made of atoms which combined with each other form new atoms. They come together in large or small numbers to form very similar or very different atoms and as a result of the combination it is known as a chemical bond. Atoms linked together by bonds have different properties to the original parent atoms. There are only about 100 chemically different types of atoms which make up millions of substances in the world by being combined together. The two main types of chemical bonds the ionic bond in compounds which occurs between a metal and a non-metal and the covalent bond occurring between the two atoms of non-metallic element or between different elements of two atoms. In ionic boding metal and non-metal atoms when combined together loose or gain electrons so they can have a complete outer shell. As an example if sodium which has an electron configuration 2, 8, 1 loses an electron it is left with stable structure neon which has electron configuration 2, 8. However sodium atom still has one more proton than electrons in the orbit around the nucleus. As a result of protons having positive charge the sodium atom has now become a positively charged sodium ion. The electronic structure of sodium ion is written as [2, 8]+. There are atoms that similarly gain electrons during reactions and they gain noble gas structure. For example, Chlorine has electronic structure of 2, 8 , 7. To have the stable electronic structure of argon it needs to gain a single electron becoming 2, 8, 8. Chlorine has now got more electrons than positively charged protons and is known as a chloride ion carrying a single negative charge. The electronic structure of chloride ion is w ritten as [2,8,8]. Ionic bonds are formed by atoms reacting together that need to gain and to loose electrons. For example, when sodium and chlorine react together they need to form stable ions which occur by sodium losing an electron and chlorine gaining one. Below is a lewis diagram that shows an example of ionic bonding by formation of sodium chloride (NaCl). (Brown, 2009) The oppositely charged ions are held together by the strong attraction forces that during ionic bonding form the positive and negative ions. As a result of these bonds between the charged particles a giant structure of ions is formed. To break all the bonds would take a lot of energy as the ions in the giant structure are being held together strongly; therefore the ionic compounds have a high boiling and melting points. Sodium chloride is a good example of an ionic substance. It is known as NaCl or common salt and by being a crystalline solid it has a high boiling point of 1413oC and melting point of 801oC. Below is a diagram of a sodium chloride giant ionic structure. Two non–metal atoms reacting together seek to gain and share electrons to achieve a structure of a noble gas and become stable. The atoms are held together by the electrostatic attraction of the pair of electrons concentrated in between the two nuclei. This is known as a covalent bond. A molecule is formed when atoms are being held together by the covalent bonds. Below is an example of a covalent bond of two hydrogen atoms. (Brown, 2009) Multiple bonds can be formed by atoms sharing more than one electron pair. Two electron pairs or total of four electrons form a double bond and three electron pairs or total of six electrons form a triple bond. An example of multiple bonds is Oxygen and Nitrogen as they both exist as diatomic molecules containing double bonds. Below is an example of single, double and triple bonds. (Brown, 2009) Covalent compounds at a room temperature can be found in a form of a solid, gas or water and in a solution generally do not conduct electricity. Two chlorine atoms form a non-polar covalent bond by being equally shared as the difference in electronegativity between them is zero. Covalent bonds that have unequal shared electrons between the atoms is a polar bond. Polar and nonpolar molecules have the attractive forces between them which determine the strength and properties of these bonds and are known as intermolecular forces. There are three types of intermolecular forces and they play an important role in changes of state in molecular compounds. In covalent bonds the strength of intermolecular forces depends on the size and shape of molecules, which will determine if the bond will have a higher, or lower boiling or melting points. (Goodman, 1960) Dispersion (also known as Van der Waals’) forces exist between all molecules polar or nonpolar and without these forces; nonpolar molecules cannot ever form a solid or a liquid. Molecules with more electrons will generate bigger oscillating and induced dipoles. These produce larger attractive forces between molecules. A dipole-dipole interaction is when a polar molecule will attract another polar molecular by the small ÃŽ ´+ and ÃŽ ´- charges. This gives a weak intermolecular force called a permanent-dipole interaction. Below is an example of intermolecular forces between Hydrogen and chlorine molecules. There is strong intermolecular attraction in hydrogen bonds between a polar hydrogen and one molecule and single pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom of Fluorine, Oxygen and Nitrogen on a different molecule. (Mikeblaber.org, 2014) There are special properties of water arising from hydrogen bonding. Solid is less dense than liquid, therefore particles in solids are usually packed slightly closer together than in liquids. Relatively strong hydrogen bonds hold water molecules apart in an open lattice structure. Below is an example of an open hydrogen-bonded lattice of ice as ice is less dense than water. Hydrogen bonds have a high melting and boiling point, therefore there’s a relatively strong attraction of H-bonds and H2O. The H-bonds are extra forces, over and above dispersion forces. These extra forces result in higher melting and boiling points than would be expected from just dispersion. When the ice lattice breaks, hydrogen bonds are broken. (Gent and Richie, 2008). Bibliography Brown, C. (2009).Higher level Chemistry. Pearson. Chemwiki.ucdavis.edu, (2014).Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemwiki. [online] Available at:http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Quantum_Mechanics/09._The_Hydrogen_Atom/Atomic_Theory/Chemical_Compounds/Introduction_to_Chemical_Bonding[Accessed 6 Dec. 2014]. Docbrown.info, (2014).Introduction to CHEMICAL BONDING diagrams descriptions What is a chemical bond? Why do atoms bond together? gcse igcse A Level GCE AS A2 O Level chemistry revision notes. [online] Available at:http://www.docbrown.info/page04/4_72bond.htm[Accessed 6 Dec. 2014]. Gent, D. and Ritchie, R. (2008).OCR A2 chemistry. Oxford: Heinemann. GOODMAN, C. (1960). Ionic-Covalent Bonding in Crystals.Nature, 187(4737), pp.590-591. Herschbach, D. (2003). Cohesion: A Scientific History of Intermolecular Forces.Physics Today, 56(11), pp.68-68. Mikeblaber.org, (2014).Covalent Bonding. [online] Available at:http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Bonding/Covalent/Bond04.htm[Accessed 6 Dec. 2014]. Www2.hkedcity.net, (2014).Ionic Bond. [online] Available at:http://www2.hkedcity.net/sch_files/a/lsc/lsc-chem/public_html/nss/fundamental/bonding/Ionic/eg1a.htm[Accessed 6 Dec. 2014].

Proud to ba an american :: essays research papers

Proud to be an American I am proud to be an American because I was born here. Four generations back, my ancestors came here from Europe. We have the right to be any religion we choose. Voting is a right of all people. We also have the most liberties and rights of any nation on earth. First of all, our nation is the richest country. We have clothes like T-shirts, jeans, socks and all sorts of other stuff. Afghanistan has sheets that they wrap around themselves. We have all sorts of food. We can go and get food at restaurants and groceries stores. Our nation is highly industrialized. We have the most jobs. Some big industries are Steel Case, General Motors and the Ford Motor Company. There are many, many jobs for people to work. Secondly, why I am proud to be an American is because of our technology. We have computers. They help us in our everyday life. Let's not forget our vehicles. We have cars, trucks, four wheelers, dirt bikes, boats, planes, jets and helicopters. Without these vehicles, we would have a hard time getting around from place to place. NASA sent up a rocket that enabled men to land and walk on the surface of the moon. We were the first nation to accomplish such a mighty task. Thirdly, and one of the most important reasons why I am proud to be an American is because of our veterans. They fought for our country. They saved our lives and defended our freedom. They risked their own lives by fighting to save ours. "Jon, why are you proud to be an American?" "I got out of high school and was asked to join the army. Fortunately I did. And when World War II ended, I had a good feeling because I knew I had accomplished something for our country and people. I was proud to have served my country." Our founding fathers believed so strongly in the liberties and freedoms that we enjoy today, that they were willing to give their lives for the cause.

Education Timeline Essay

Education Timeline Antiria Jenkins HIS324: History of American Education Instructor: Timothy Kilgore November 12, 2012 http://prezi. com/vcesi_y4xome/history-of-american-education-timeline/ Education in the United States has faced great changes toward development in the past hundreds of years. At the beginning, during the Colonial Era, the principles of education were mainly based on those already used by European nations at the time. However, the country began to adopt its own approaches toward teachings given different social, political and religious practices (Rippa 9). 1635The first Latin Grammar School (Boston Latin School): Founded on April 23, 1635, in Boston, Massachusetts, it is known as the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States. The Latin grammar curriculum was designed for boys 8 to 15, based on European Schools in a Puritan area. Schools were to prepare boys for college and the service of God. Protestantism believed that education was needed so that individuals could interpret the bible. 1751American Academy founded by Ben Franklin: The demand of skilled workers in the middle of the eighteenth century led Benjamin Franklin to start a new kind of secondary school, thus, the American Academy was established in Philadelphia. American high schools eventually replaced Latin grammar schools. Curriculum was geared to prepare students for employment. Academies eventually replaced the Latin Grammar Schools and some admitted Women. 783Introduction of Noah Webster’s Speller: Noah Webster published the A grammatical Institute of the English language, also known as, â€Å"the blue-back speller. † This was the most widely circulated of the early American textbooks and like Webster’s American Dictionary it strived to establish a national identity as well as the United States’ linguistic and cultural independence of England. As the first popular American textbo ok, the introduction of Noah Webster’s speller stands as a significant event in the history of American education. 817(April 15, 1817) Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons: The Connecticut Asylum at Hartford for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opens. It is the first permanent school for the deaf in the U. S. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc are the school’s co-founders. In 1864, Thomas Gallaudet’s son, Edward Miner Gallaudet, helps to start Gallaudet University, the first college specifically for deaf students. 824First State-Supported School Established: Originally named the Boston English Classical School and established in 1821, the school was renamed the English High School in 1824 and also, during that year, became the first-state supported common school. The adoption of the English High as a state-supported common school is a significant event in the history of American education as it was, essent ially, the first public school. 1855Abolition of Segregation of Schools in Massachusetts: Following the case of Roberts v. Boston, the state of Massachusetts abolished segregation in their schools. The victory would be the first in a long battle lasting nearly an entire century. This was the first law to oppose segregated schools in the United States and is, therefore, a significant event in the history of American education. 1856The First Kindergarten: In the United States Margarethe Schurz founded the first kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1856. Her German-language kindergarten impressed Elizabeth Peabody, who opened the first American English-language kindergarten in Boston in 1860. The kindergarten was much more influential in the United States and in the northern part of Europe which encouraged the National Education Association to begin a kindergarten department in 1874, and later, teachers founded the International Kindergarten Union in 1892. 1896The Laboratory School of the University of Chicago (First Progressive Laboratory):John Dewey, the father of the progressive education, established the first laboratory school for testing the progressive educational method. This would lead to a popular trend in education adopted by schools during the first half of the twentieth century. Progressive education emphasizes cultivation of problem solving and critical thinking skills through hands-on learning activities. 1905 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of Congress, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is an independent policy and research center. The Foundation encouraged the adoption of a standard system for equating â€Å"seat time† (the amount of time spent in a class) to high school credits which is still in use today. This system is known as the â€Å"Carnegie Unit. 1939 The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (first called the Wechsler- Bellevue Intelligence Scale): This scale was developed by David Wechsler and is intended to measure human intelligence reflected in both verbal and performance abilities. It introduces the concept of the â€Å"deviation IQ,† which calculates IQ scores based on how far subjects’ scores differ (or deviate) from the average (mean) score of others who are the same age, rather than calculating them with the ratio (MA/CA multiplied by 100) system. Wechsler intelligence tests, particularly the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, are still widely used in U. S. schools to help identify students needing special education. 1944 The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights): Bill signed into law on June 22, 1944 by President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II. The GI Bill affords military veterans government funding to pursue or continue educational goals following their service. The GI Bill not only compensates veterans for their service, but has also been responsible for the growth of American colleges and universities. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: On May 17, 1954, The U. S. Supreme court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate schools did not provide equal education to students and therefore banned the segregation of schools nationwide with a ruling of (9–0) decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and declared unconstitutional. 1958 Defense Education Act of 1958: The Defense Education Act of 1958 was signed into law on September 2, 1958 by the United States government during the cold war in reaction to the successful launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik. The Soviets’ scientific success motivated the U. S. government to fund the U. S. Office of Education’s establishment of scientifically and mathematically centered curriculum. The act contained ten titles designed to improve the nation’s schools. 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed on July 2, 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson banned discrimination in all federally funded programs and outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. This law helped to further the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education as many schools had continued segregation. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 financially, â€Å"cut-off,† institutions, such as public schools, which promoted discrimination of any and all types and gave leverage to the movement. 1965 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA): The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed on April 9, 1965 s a part of the â€Å"War on Poverty. † It emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability as well as provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education. 965 The Higher Education Act: The Higher Education Act was signed on November 8, 1965 to strengthen the educational resources of colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students in postsecondary and higher education. It increased federal money given to universities, created scholarships, gave low-interest loans for students, and established a Nationa l Teachers Corps. 1965 Project Head Start: The Head Start program started in the summer of 1965 as an eight week summer program for children from low-income communities going into public school in the fall (Styfco and Zigler, 2003). The program provided preschool classes, medical care, dental care, and mental health services (Kagan, 2002). 1975Education for All Handicapped Children Act now known as The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs and requires public school systems to develop appropriate Individualized Education Programs (IEP’s) for each child which will reflect the individualized needs of each student. 002 The No Child Left Behind Act: On January 8, 2002, NCLB was signed into law. NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. States must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels in order to receive federal school funding. All students are required to meet the standards establish by NCLB at the accountability of educators. 2004 H. R. 350, The Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEA 2004): reauthorizes and modifies IDEA. Changes, which take effect on July 1, 2005, include modifications in the IEP process and procedural safeguards, increased authority for school personnel in special education placement decisions, and alignment of IDEA with the No Child Left Behind Act. The 2004 reauthorization also requires school districts to use the Response to Intervention (RTI) approach as a means for the early identification of students at risk for specific learning disabilities. RTI provides a three-tiered model for screening, monitoring, and providing increasing degrees of intervention using â€Å"research-based instruction† with the overall goal of reducing the need for special education services (Re-authorization, 2004). The history of education has been influenced multiple times over the past years. In some shape, form, or fashion, the many changes have affected many lives, especially those with disabilities. Going from segregation to desegregation, women involvement in education and fighting for equal education of those individuals with disabilities has not only marked historical events but has brought togetherness among all races and genders. Without these historical events in shaping education, the world would be at a standstill. References Dewey, John. 1938 (1963). Experience and Education. New York: Collier Books Kagan, J. (2002). Empowerment and education: Civil rights, expert-advocates, and parent politics in Head Start, 1964-1980. Teachers College Record, 104(3), 516-562. Re-authorization of the IDEA 2004. Retrieved November 5, 2012 from http://www. nj. gov/education/specialed/idea/reauth/ Rippa, Alexander. Education in a Free Society. Eighth Edition. New York: Longman, 1997. 3-107. Print. Styfco, S. , & Zigler, E. (2003). Early Childhood Programs for a New Century. Reynolds, A. , & Wang, M. (Eds. ) The federal commitment to preschool education: Lessons from and for Head Start (pp. 3-33). Washington, D. C. : Child Welfare League of America, Inc.

Benefits of Community Service For You

Benefits of Community Service For You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you’re a freshman or a senior, high school is a great time to try things that you haven’t done before – including volunteering. Students may think it’s not worth their time to get involved in the community because it doesn’t pay like a normal job would. However, there are several benefits that volunteering can give you that no other job can. Read on to find out about all the benefits of community service for you, your personal fulfillment, and practical purposes like college applications! What Is Community Service? Community service is when you work for free to help benefit the public or your community. Usually, students who choose to do community service do so as volunteers, meaning that they choose to help out because they want to do so. Community service can have a lot of positive effects on students, such as helping them to develop skills, making contacts, and allowing them to improve the quality of life of others. You probably know some students in your school who choose to volunteer their free time through community service. There are many ways that you can do this, such as joining a non-profit organization, working with a church group, or you can choose a cause and create your own service project. For some ideas of community service activities, see our list of volunteer ideas. Volunteer work can range from the relatively simple, like helping coach the lacrosse team at your old junior high, to the much more complex, like starting a non-profit that helps settle new refugees in your area. As I’m sure you can imagine, there are a lot of benefits to doing volunteer work. They include†¦ School Benefits You may be familiar with community service already because it is something that your school requires. In fact, many high schools throughout the United States require their students to help out the community in some way in order to graduate. Though it’s often on the honor system to report what you've done, these high schools may require up to 200 hours of community service before they're willing to grant a degree. This type of requirement can be especially common at religious schools, and in particular at Christian schools. Many Christian schools set requirements based on the Biblical idea that it is the Christian’s duty to do community outreach with whatever â€Å"gift† they have been given by God. Because of this, many of these Christian schools will have branches of Christian non-profits, such as the Salvation Army or Habitat for Humanity, on campus or affiliated with the school, which make it much easier for students to donate their time. Many other schools require service learning. This term describes an approach to education that aims to connect lessons learned in the classroom with real-life lessons learned through community service. It is a practice that has become increasingly common in both high schools and universities in the United States, because educators like that the learning process benefits both the students and the communities. It allows students to learn more about their personal motivations, practice academic material outside of the context of the classroom and testing, develop critical thinking skills while solving real-world problems, and to think about problems and social issues in new ways. This kind of experiential learning, or applying what you have learned in the classroom to the real world, has a lot of positive benefits for students apart from meeting a requirement to graduate. These include a better understanding of the value of teamwork, decision-making skills, development of leadership abilities, and the gain of practical skills. For example, let’s imagine that as part of your school-required community service or service learning, you've decided to use the writing skills you developed in AP English to volunteer at a local non-profit that raises awareness of Alzheimer’s disease. As a strong writer, you may start out writing press releases for the charity. Immediately you would be developing a new skill: the ability to write for a targeted, non-academic audience. Working with a team, you would gain a better understanding of the importance of sharing information in a usableway. You might eventually expand your duties into other areas, such as managing the organization’s social media accounts, which would further develop your writing skills. Additionally, you would be gaining a new perspective on your community and on what life is like for a group of people that is often overlooked: the terminally ill. This could change how you see the world and your role in it. In fact, many students report that this kind of personal development is the most valuable part of a service learning projects. Personal Development Benefits One of the big ways that students will benefit from volunteer work is through personal development. This happens in a number of ways. First of all, many students learn about their personal strengths and weaknesses. When you're working on campaigns and projects and getting to see real-life results, you'll get to know how your personal attributes and actions can make a difference. Many of these qualities are things that students can’t get good feedback on in the classroom. For example, students may learn that they have excellent skills in coping with a crisis or other stressful situations, or may learn that they find taking charge of a team to be a struggle. This kind of exposure to different situations can then teach students how to further develop skills that they have, and how to work on areas they struggle in. In particular, students find that they are able to develop skills in leadership, communication, working well with a team, and finding solutions for problems. Many students also find that community service makes them more aware of and interested in issues of social justice. For example, if you spend your days going to school, playing sports, and doing homework, you will likely not spend a lot of time thinking about the problems that homeless people encounter. On the other hand, if you're working every day at a homeless shelter, you'll have a chance to dispel stereotypes about why people become homeless while also learning about the unique challenges that homeless people face in getting off the streets. Many homeless people face prejudice that makes returning to work and earning a self-supporting living more difficult than it is for non-homeless people. Once people learn more about struggles and injustices that other groups of people face, they are statistically more likely to want to actively take part in making a change in the policies and social structures that keep certain groups from succeeding. This change can take many forms, such as active campaigning, voting in elections, and continuing to volunteer time to important causes. Volunteering has also been shown to have one other, more tangible major personal benefit. Did you know that it’s actually good for your health? Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Health Benefits Numerous studies over the past several years have shown that volunteering isn’t just good for your mind and conscience; it’s also good for your body. By focusing on others’ problems instead of their own, students have reported reduced stress, and overall improvement in mood and health. Researchers at the London School of Economics and Political Science found a link between self-reported levels of good health and happiness and formal volunteer work. Furthermore, a study by United Health Group says that 76% of people who have volunteered in the past twelve months say that volunteering has made them feel happier, and 94% of people report that it improves their mood. 78% of volunteers say that it has lowered their stress levels. Volunteering can also help protect people from depression during challenging times, as it tends to help create a strong support system for participants. Volunteering also keeps people physically healthy by keeping them active. Certain activities, such as working to clean up a park or a beach, can be good exercise. Studies have shown that especially as people get older, volunteering in these kinds of projects can keep people healthy and can even lessen the symptoms of certain diseases. Of course, not all the benefits of volunteering are limited to the volunteer. Another big way that people benefit is in their involvement with their community. Community Benefits Volunteering allows students to become directly involved in their communities. Some students don’t realize how important volunteers are to the country and to many organizations. But try to imagine if no volunteers showed up to work tomorrow. Can you imagine what would change? Volunteers are responsible for many things that we take for granted. When hurricanes hit the south coast or wildfires burn up California, volunteers are critical in helping victims get re-settled, fed, and back to their â€Å"normal† lives as quickly as possible. Without volunteers, many of our country’s elderly would not be able to get food. Our parks and beaches would be much dirtier. Our children would struggle more without the help of volunteer tutors and mentors. To get a real idea of how important volunteers are to keeping the country running, let’s look at the numbers. The Corporation for National and Community Service says that in 2013, 62.6 million Americans volunteered 7.7 billion hours of work. The estimated value of this work is almost $173 billion. That’s almost as much as the GDP of Ukraine – just in volunteer hours! The top activities performed included raising money for important causes; collecting, preparing, and giving out food to people who need it; providing labor and transportation; tutoring and mentoring youth; and lending professional expertise. Furthermore, volunteers are almost twice as likely to donate to charities as non-volunteers. In all, just over 50% of Americans donated over $25 to charities in 2013, making at least $4 billion in donations. The knowledge that they are making a real differencealso affects student volunteers on a more personal level. When students know their work is helping someone, they show increased rates of self-esteem. Furthermore, students who volunteer are more likely to become actively involved citizens who take a strong interest in current events and local affairs, and are much more likely to vote. Apart from helping out your community here and now, you’ll also be helping out your future self. College Benefits Have you ever wondered if volunteering makes a big difference in college admissions? The truth is that it’s one of the most popular extracurricular activities that students list on their college applications. And while colleges don’t necessarily expect students to have spent all their free time volunteering, schools (especially the more competitive ones) will usually notice a total lack of community service. Colleges like seeing that students have done community service. Keep in mind that most universities want to admit students who are actively involved in activities that better themselves, and eventually, will better the world. Students who have been actively involved in community service in high school show colleges that they will be the type of student who will be actively involved in making the college community a better place to be. Eventually, that they will be the kind of people who care about changing the world. On a more practical level, the personal benefits and development that you will get from volunteering canbe great topic matter for a college application essay. The people you work with on community service projects will be good people to turn to when the time comes for letters of recommendation. They’ll be able to speak to your leadership abilities, passion, and character. Finally, doing this kind of work shows prospective schools that you can balance activities with your schoolwork and that you have good time management. Did you know that your volunteer work can also be helpful in paying for college? See our list of community service scholarships to see how you can make volunteering work for you financially. The good news doesn’t end there, though. The benefits of volunteering will follow you out of school and into the workplace, as well. Professional Benefits Did you know that employers love volunteers? TimeBank, a UK-based volunteering charity, and Reed, a recruitment company, partnered to create a study on how employers think about volunteer work. The results were very positive for those who have chosen to donate their time: 84% of employers agreed that volunteering is a good way for people to find work. 70% of employers said that volunteers have a better chance of getting a higher salary and a promotion. 80% of employers said that they like to see volunteer work on a resume. 23% of employers said that volunteering had helped their staff learn key skills, such as time management, communication skills, and leadership skills. The study also showed that half of the employees surveyed thought that their volunteer experience had helped them land their job, and up to 20% of employees thought that their volunteer experience helped them gain key skills in communication, leadership, and time management that were important to their jobs. As you can see, there are a lot of ways that your community service work will help you down the road once you start work, beginning with what you choose to do. Volunteering is a great way to explore different interests. High school students who do community service can try different kinds of work and work environments that they otherwise would likely not be exposed to at such a young age. Most paying jobs that high school students are eligible for – such as working in fast food - are not the most interesting. But volunteering can give you a chance to try things that you will be interested in as a career, such as working in social media, organizing events, or working in a specific type of institution such as a hospital. The experiences that you gain will also look great on your resume. Future employers will likely be much more interested in hearing about a fundraiser that you ran than they will be in hearing about your burger flipping skills. Why? A lot of the personal development benefits discussed above, such as leadership skills and the ability to collaborate with a team, are things that translate well to many jobs and workplaces. Networking is another major benefit of volunteering. As a volunteer, you will be very likely to meet like-minded individuals who share your interests. In the future, these people can be important contacts for writing letters of recommendation and for putting you in touch with the right people for scholarships and jobs. Now that you know that community service is an extracurricular that will help you out in your personal life, as well as in high school, college, and your professional life, what are you waiting for? How to Get Started If you’ve decided you’re ready to take the plunge, here are some Do’s and Don’ts to get you started in your volunteer career. Do try to find the right opportunity for you. It’s important to find something that you are going to enjoy and that you are capable of doing well. Ask yourself what kind of people you like working with (kids? people your own age?), whether you work better alone or as part of a team, how much time you have to commit and how much responsibility you can take on, and what special skills you have that you can contribute. Don’t volunteer abroad just because you think it looks better. Especially for college applications, admissions officers prefer to see a local long-term volunteer commitment than something that has only lasted a week or two during a summer break. Some volunteer abroad programs can also cause more trouble than good to local people. Do try to find a cause that you are passionate about. If you have always had an affinity for animals, try working at a shelter or a charity working on animal rights. If you have always valued education, try tutoring or an education charity. The more you care about the cause, the more dedicated you will be to continue working for it over a long period of time. Don’t be afraid of making a change. Ask questions when something doesn’t seem right. If you end up doing work that doesn’t seem like a good fit, is causing excessive stress, or if the experience isn’t allowing you to do the things you thought you would be working on, it’s ok to leave to find something else. Do enjoy yourself! The more you are having fun with volunteering, the more it will be a positive experience both for you and the organization you are working with. What’s Next? Now that you know the benefits, check out the 9 best places to do community service. If you need money for college, volunteering may be the answer. Check out our list of volunteer scholarships. Want to use your community service for your college applications? Check out how to write a good community service essay and how to get a community service letter. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

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Cooper Industries Case Study Essay OVERVIEW: Cooper Industries is a broadly diversified manufacturer of electrical and general industrial products, and energy related machinery and equipment. The company operates in three different business segments with 21 separate profit centers. These segments include electrical and electronic, commercial and industrial, compression, drilling and energy equipment. The product line is consisted of cheap fuses to $3 million compressor tribune sets along with products such as hand tools and light fixtures. The company bid a $21-a-share tender offer to acquire Champion Spark Plug, manufacturer of auto spark plugs, as a counter offer for the Dana Corp. s $17.50-a-share bid. Also, in the mean time, Cooper Industries was considering a $700 million bid for Cameron Iron Works. Even though purchasing either or both companies will give operational and organizational advantages, there were high financial risks involved. Undertaking both acquisitions would result in a 55% to 60% debt to capitalization ratio. ANALYSIS: Cooper Industries acquired more than 60 manufacturing companies over a thirty year span in order to increase the size and the scope of the company. Most of the acquired companies made it possible for Cooper to be independent of the outside environment and giving full control of the manufacturing process concerning their business while avoiding anti-trust allegations. Cooper basically purchased every company that is vital to its energy industry and all the side industries that effect it. From tools to fuses to cables to the drilling equipment was manufactured and distributed by the corporations divisions. Each acquisition is decided from a wish list that was closely examined and studied. At the time of the take over, the Management Development Planning division would implement the corporate strategy in a period of three to five years. This involves diversification and elimination of the products that are poor sellers. In some cases the production plant is relocated and the staff is reorganized for the best efficient set up. In time all these companies are turned into profit centers. RECOMMENDATIONS: One of my first suggestions will be to consider Cameron Iron Works first since all the valves and other natural gas and petroleum products will be more beneficiary. Apparently there is more demand for Camerons products than the Champions. Little adjustments in the production process along with the Cooperization adjustment will have make the company efficient in a short period of time. In contrast, Champion is considered to have 1950s production techniques and only one product line, spark plugs, which will require tremendous changes within the company. The other option may be to purchase both of the companies, regardless of the financial risks involved. By allocating all the departments such as Management Development Planning in the process, Cooper may turn things around. Since the beginning, Coopers way of acquiring companies seem to create success stories in the end. Champion still has brand name recognition in Europe and Asia (personal knowledge) which maybe taken advantage of. Major changes for the American market may take place while the revenues from the overseas sales finance the process. And once the changes are made in here, according to the demand the product line maybe readjusted for those markets. One other option for the Champion acquisition maybe to consider other possible options in the automotive parts industry. There may be other companies requiring less adjustment, and maybe turned into profit centers in less time than Champion. If buying both the companies is not possible at the time, then Cameron seems like a better option giving independence to Cooper in the valve dependence. Utilization of this company seems more of a priority at the time. However Dana may end up buying Champion if Cooper delay the acquisition.